(1) This created the need for an engineer who was not only conversant with how machines behaved, but also understood chemical reactions and transport phenomena (how substances came together to react, how the required conditions could be achieved, etc), and the influence the equipment had on how these processes operated on the large scale. Thus, Chemical Engineering was born as a distinct discipline; distinct from both Mechanical Engineering on one hand and industrial chemistry on the other. (2) " Chemical engineering is the modified version of mechanical engineering, they knows only how machine works but we know about this as well as inside machine process that is chemical reaction".
(4) UNIT OPERATIONS: It is a basic step in a process for example milk processing, packaging.
Chemical engineering unit operations consist of five classes:
- Fluid flow processes, including fluids transportation, filtration, solids fluidization
- Heat transfer processes, including evaporation, condensation
- Mass transfer processes, including gas absorption, distillation, extraction,adsorption, drying
- Thermodynamic processes, including gas liquefaction, refrigeration
- Mechanical processes, including solids transportation, crushing and pulverization, screening and sieving
Chemical engineering unit operations also fall in the following categories:
Chemical engineering unit operations and chemical engineering
unit processingform the main principles of all kinds of chemical industries and are the foundation of designs of chemical plants, factories, and equipment used.
(5) UNIT PROCESS: It is a single component of the part of end-to-end process manufacturing process that transforms RAW MATERIALS into FINISHED GOODS.
(6) CHEMICAL ENGINEER: In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is the profession in which one works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment to perform such work.[1] In general, a chemical engineer is one who applies and uses principles of chemical engineering in any of various practical applications; primarily with respect to the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes. However, modern chemical engineers are becoming more heavily involved in the development of new technologies such as fuel cells,hydrogen power and nanotechnology, as well as working in fields such as polymer engineering and biomedical engineering. A number of famous or historical chemical engineers can be found in the list of chemical engineer. (7) HISTORY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEER:
The term appeared in print in 1839, though from the context it suggests a person with
mechanical engineeringknowledge working in the
chemical industry.
[2] In 1880,
George E. Davis wrote in a letter to Chemical News 'A Chemical Engineer is a person who possesses chemical and mechanical knowledge, and who applies that knowledge to the utilisation, on a manufacturing scale, of chemical action.' He proposed the name Society of Chemical Engineers, for what was in fact constituted as the
Society of Chemical Industry. At the first General Meeting of the Society in 1882, some 15 of the 300 members described themselves as chemical engineers, but the Society's formation of a Chemical Engineering Group in 1918 attracted 400 members.
[3]In 1924 the
Institution of Chemical Engineers adopted the following definition 'A chemical engineer is a professional man experienced in the design, construction and operation of plant and works in which matter undergoes a change of state and composition.'
[4] (The first female member joined in 1942.)
[5]As can be seen from the later definition, the occupation is not limited to the
chemical industry, but more generally the process industries, or other situations in which complex physical and/or chemical processes are to be managed.
In 1951 the President of the Institution of Chemical Engineers said in his Presidential Address "I believe most of us would be willing to regard
Edward Charles Howard (1774-1816) as the first chemical engineer of any eminence"
[6]. Others have suggested
Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604-1670) for his development of processes for the manufacture of the major industrial acids.
[7]
Chemical Engineers work in "Real Deal" Biotechnology Research Institutes
Historically, the chemical engineer has been primarily concerned with
process engineering. The modern discipline of chemical engineering, however, encompasses much more than just process engineering. Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty
chemicals. These products include high performance materials needed for
aerospace,
automotive,
biomedical,
electronic,
environmental and
military applications. Examples include ultra-strong fibers,
fabrics,
adhesives and composites for vehicles,
bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics,
gels for medical applications,
pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical or
spectroscopic properties for opto-electronic devices. Additionally, chemical engineering is often intertwined with
biology and
biomedical engineering. Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such as understanding biopolymers (
proteins) and
mapping the human genome.
(9) Employment and Salaries
In the United States of America, the Department of Labor estimated in 2008 the number of chemical engineers to be 31,000. The median annual salary for a chemical engineer was $78,860, with the middle 50 percent of chemical engineers earning between $67,420 and $105,000 annually.[8] In one salary survey, chemical engineering was found to be highest-paying degree for first employment of college graduates.[9] In the UK, the Institution of Chemical Engineers 2006 Salary Survey reported an average salary of approximately £53,000, with a starting salary for a graduate averaging £24,000[10]. Chemical engineering is a male-dominated field: as of 2009, only 17.1% of professional chemical engineers are women[11]. However, that trend is expected to shift as the number of female students in the field continues to increase[12].
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